An ice staff beacon collected temperature profiles from the surface water, ice, and atmosphere. Modifications of the unit resulted in a single-unit to monitor water, ice, and air temperatures. Its battery pack is deployed below the ice surface along
with the thermisters to increase battery life.
Temperature profiles are also used to calculate ice growth and heat flux through
the ice. The melt cycle starts when the ice temperature rises above -1.8° which is the freezing temperature of sea water.
Prinsenberg, S. J., G. A. Fowler, A. van der Baaren, and B. Beanlands. 1997. "Ice stress measurements from land-fast ice along Canada's Labrador Coast"
Prinsenberg, S. J., A. van der Baaren, G. A. Fowler, and I. K. Peterson. 1997. "Pack Ice Stress and Convergence Measurements by Satellite-Tracked Ice Beacons"
